Category Archives: Game Development

The swift code is ported!

Finally done the porting of where I was when I left off on the swift side!

Commiting this code and ready to resume actual game development!

Free the code

One of the reasons why love game programming so much is that it forces you to do things that would otherwise seem quite ridiculous. I have always liked to shoot first and ask questions later when it comes to implementing an idea. Sometimes it’ll just pop in my head and then I will start working on it and before I know it…it’s done. The last week and a half has been more work than I ever wanted to do but the result is awesome. A very large portion of my entire Verto Studio graphics engine and code base has now been rewritten in C++ and is now portable to any operating system.

This means I can now load and render my Verto Studio files on Windows, Linux, anything I want without any strict dependencies on Mac anymore. As a game developer, this is an awesome feeling and I am beyond stoked. I worked very hard on the Verto Studio tech over the last three years and to finally free it from OSX/iOS is great.

I’ve moved on the actual swift code of the in-progress Driveby Gangster Game project and hopefully I’ll have that done soon next week. All-in-all I’d say the extra week of work was definitely worth it.

Screens!!

Leave a reply

Too much talk about code lately on here.

Here’s some latest screenshots. Before my decision to switch languages, I completely finished off the “practice mode”

I also recorded a gif during my testing with the bullet collision detection against arbitrary polygons in the scene.

Swift is fired

Leave a reply

So it had to happen…

The more I work on this game the more I realize that I kind of like it… and that means there’s certain things need to change. For starters, it’s definitely running longer than I expected it to (the original two-week estimate now sounds pretty “out there”). For this reason, I need to shave down on the programming time. It has become pretty obvious to me that for every 1/2 hour that I spend writing code in swift for this game, 10 minutes of it is spent screwing around with the language and that is friction then I can no longer accept. So I’m dropping swift for this game.

Since I’m switching languages and I’m going to be rewriting some code, I decided to open things up quite a bit and go back to C++. It’s going to cost me roughly a week or two to rewrite things, but the benefit is going to be huge. For starters, since this game depended on my very large and very complicated Objective-C graphics engine (Verto Studio), I now have the “opportunity” to continue rewriting all of this code in C++ (this was originally started on my github as VGLPP). This means that this game and any other game that I want to use with the ported engine will be able to run on ANY platform including windows. This is a major win for me since making a game for OSX/iOS only isn’t really that smart. I’ve been wanting to do this for awhile and my frustrations with swift finally pushed me to do it.

So that’s what I’m going to be up to for awhile. As I’ve mentioned on twitter, I’ll be streaming roughly twice a week on my twitch channel for anyone who is curiuos about the process and wants to follow along. http://twitch.tv/vertostudio3d

I’ve already gotten quite a bit done and have surpassed my biggest barrier for doing this which was finding a reasonable way to parse verto studio files (spat out by NSKeyedArchiver/NSCoder objective-c mechanisms) in a portable way in C++. TinyXML and a little of reverse engineering did the trick.

With respect to all of the “benefits” swift and Objective C were providing over a lower level language such as C++, I’ve essentially found a reasonable replacement for each one thanks to C++11′s new features.

Basic Outline of Porting to C++

Swift/Objc	C++11
Strong Pointer (Reference Counting)	std::shared_ptr
Weak Pointer (Reference Counting)	std::weak_ptr
Blocks & Closures	Lambda Functions
Protocols	Multiple Inheritence
Dynamic Typechecking via “isKindOfClass”	C++ typeid / RTTI

So you get the idea, nothings really out of reach with C++. It’s still more annoying and I’m not 100% thrilled with dealing with things like templates, header files and verbose syntax again, but I’ll take it over an unstable language any day.

Lots of code… lots

Leave a reply

I’ve been less active on here because I’ve been writing quite a bit of code. Like I said previously, I’m in the main swing of developing this game. This is where things start to get crazy. Namely, I’ve added quite a bit of classes to the project to handle everything from basic collisions and 3D math extensions to generating and displaying 3D text on the screen. I feel like (despite my previous post regarding Swift) things are keeping organized quite well and I haven’t strayed too far from my original architecture plan. I’ve spent most of my time working on the PracticeGameStateRunner class which runs the “Target Practice” initial level in the game. This mini level serves as a point for the player to learn the very simple controls and game mechanics of the game… and it’s serving excellently as a sandbox for me to test these all during development as well.

I’ll cover just a few pieces of code today to show the changes that I’ve made regarding the game State Runner protocol, and some cool stuff that I’ve been able to do with “smart” enums in swift. There’s a lot more I can talk about that I don’t want this post to go on forever.

Some Code

State runner protocol. Now I have some stuff in there to quickly respond to “game controller” and mouse events, all stemming from the game loop class.

//
//  GameState.swift
//  Gangster Driveby
//
//  Created by Mike Farrell on 10/15/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Farrell. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation

protocol GameStateRunner
{
  func processLogic(#delta: Float)
  func processEvents()
  func render()

  func keyDown(keysym: SDL_Keycode)
  func keyUp(keysym: SDL_Keycode)
  func mouseMoved(event: SDL_MouseMotionEvent)
  func mouseDown(event: SDL_MouseButtonEvent)
  func mouseUp(event: SDL_MouseButtonEvent)

  func joystickDown(controllerButton button: GangsterGameLoop.ControllerButton)
  func joystickUp(controllerButton button: GangsterGameLoop.ControllerButton)
}

// GameState.swift

// Gangster Driveby

// Created by Mike Farrell on 10/15/14.

import Foundation

protocol GameStateRunner

{

func processLogic(#delta: Float)

func processEvents()

func render()

func keyDown(keysym: SDL_Keycode)

func keyUp(keysym: SDL_Keycode)

func mouseMoved(event: SDL_MouseMotionEvent)

func mouseDown(event: SDL_MouseButtonEvent)

func mouseUp(event: SDL_MouseButtonEvent)

func joystickDown(controllerButton button: GangsterGameLoop.ControllerButton)

func joystickUp(controllerButton button: GangsterGameLoop.ControllerButton)

}

Mesh Line Collider – a badly needed construct to determine whether or not a bullet-trajectory would intersect a polygonal mesh in the scene or not (and if so where). I tried porting this over to ObjC before swift and it was a nitemare. Swift’s version is definitely simpler thanks to operator overloading and multiple return values. Note the unsafe pointer craziness in swift which is considerably easier to deal with in C. (ported from http://geomalgorithms.com/a06-_intersect-2.html)

//
//  MeshLineCollider.swift
//  Gangster Driveby
//
//  Created by Mike Farrell on 10/30/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Farrell. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation

class MeshLineCollider
{
  weak var entity: Entity!
  var boundingBoxCollider: MeshLineCollider?
  let verts: GrowableArray
  let faceIndices: GrowableArray

  init(meshEntity: Entity)
  {
    entity = meshEntity

    verts = entity.editVerts.mutableCopy() as GrowableArray
    entity.applyTransformToVerts(verts, andNorms: nil)

    let s: SubMesh = entity.submeshes[0] as SubMesh
    faceIndices = s.editInds.mutableCopy() as GrowableArray

    generateBoundingBoxCollider()
  }

  init(verts: GrowableArray, faces: GrowableArray)
  {
    self.verts = verts
    faceIndices = faces
    boundingBoxCollider = nil
  }

  convenience init(var verts: [float3], var faces: [uint3])
  {
    let vBuffer = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer(start: &verts, count: verts.count)
    let vgArray = GrowableArray(data: vBuffer.baseAddress, ofSize: Int32(verts.count), andElementSize:Int32(sizeof(float3)), andExtraCapacity: 0)

    let fBuffer =  UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<uint3>(start: &faces, count: faces.count)
    let fArray = GrowableArray(data: fBuffer.baseAddress, ofSize: Int32(faces.count*3), andElementSize:Int32(sizeof(uint)), andExtraCapacity: 0)

    self.init(verts: vgArray, faces: fArray)
  }

  private final func split(quad: uint4) -> (uint3, uint3)
  {
    return (uint3(x: quad.x, y: quad.y, z: quad.w), uint3(x: quad.w, y: quad.y, z: quad.z))
  }

  private func generateBoundingBoxCollider()
  {
    var bbSize = float3.zero
    entity.getBBox(&bbSize)

    let box = Box3D(dimensions: bbSize, andPosition: float3.zero)
    let boxVerts = box.generateVertices()
    entity.applyTransformToVerts(boxVerts, andNorms: nil)

    var boxInds: [uint4] = [ ]

    boxInds.append(uint4(x: 0, y: 1, z: 2, w: 3))
    boxInds.append(uint4(x: 0, y: 4, z: 5, w: 1))
    boxInds.append(uint4(x: 2, y: 6, z: 7, w: 3))
    boxInds.append(uint4(x: 3, y: 7, z: 4, w: 0))
    boxInds.append(uint4(x: 1, y: 5, z: 6, w: 2))
    boxInds.append(uint4(x: 4, y: 5, z: 6, w: 7))

    var triangles: [uint3] = [ ]
    for quad in boxInds
    {
      let spl = split(quad)
      triangles.append(spl.0)
      triangles.append(spl.1)
    }

    let fBuffer = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<uint3>(start: &triangles, count: triangles.count)
    let fArray = GrowableArray(data: fBuffer.baseAddress, ofSize: Int32(triangles.count*3), andElementSize:Int32(sizeof(uint)), andExtraCapacity: 0)

    boundingBoxCollider = MeshLineCollider(verts: boxVerts, faces: fArray)
  }

  func debugRender()
  {
    if boundingBoxCollider != nil
    {
      boundingBoxCollider?.debugRender()
      return
    }

    glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE.e)
    glDepthRange(0.0, 0.9999);

    let vgl = VertoGLStateMachine.currentMachine()
    vgl.vertexPointerOfSize(3, type: GL_FLOAT.e, stride: 0, pointer: verts.data, bufferLength: GLsizeiptr(Int32(sizeof(float3))*verts.count))

    vgl.setPrimaryColor(makeFloat4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1))
    vgl.prepareToDraw()

    vgl.drawElementsInMode(GL_TRIANGLES.e, andCount: GLsizei(faceIndices.count), type: GL_UNSIGNED_INT.e, indexPointer: faceIndices.data,
      bufferLength: GLsizeiptr(Int32(sizeof(uint))*faceIndices.count))

    glDepthRange(0.0, 1.0);
  }

  //MARK: - Collision with line

  func rayIntersection(rayOrigin ro: float3, rayDirection rd: float3, inout intersectionPoint: float3) -> IntersectionPoint?
  {
    if let bbox = boundingBoxCollider
    {
      if bbox.rayIntersection(rayOrigin: ro, rayDirection: rd, intersectionPoint: &intersectionPoint) == nil
      {
        return nil
      }
    }

    let pointSet = IntersectionPointSet()

    for i in 0..<faceIndices.count/3
    {
      let result = triangleIntersection(triangleIndex: Int(i), rayOrigin: ro, rayDirection: rd, intersectionPoint: &intersectionPoint)
      if result.0
      {
        pointSet.add(IntersectionPoint(distance: result.1, point: intersectionPoint))
      }
    }

    if !pointSet.empty()
    {
      return pointSet.nearest()
    }

    return nil
  }

  private func triangleIntersection(triangleIndex i: Int, rayOrigin ro: float3, rayDirection rd: float3, inout intersectionPoint ip: float3) -> (Bool, Float)
  {
    let smallNum: Float = 0.00000001
    var u: float3, v: float3, n: float3       // triangle vectors
    var dir: float3, w0: float3, w: float3    // ray vectors
    var r: Float, a: Float, b: Float          // params to calc ray-plane intersect

    let vData = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<float3>(start: UnsafeMutablePointer<float3>(verts.data), count: Int(verts.count))
    let iData = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<uint3>(start: UnsafeMutablePointer<uint3>(faceIndices.data), count: Int(faceIndices.count/3))

    let v0 = vData[Int(iData[i].x)], v1 = vData[Int(iData[i].y)], v2 = vData[Int(iData[i].z)]

    // get triangle edge vectors and plane normal
    u = v1 - v0
    v = v2 - v0
    n = u.cross(v)              // cross product
    if n == float3.zero          // triangle is degenerate
    {
      // do not deal with this case
      return (false, 0)
    }

    dir = rd
    w0 = ro - v0
    a = -n.dot(w0)
    b = n.dot(dir)
    if fabsf(b) < smallNum
    {
      return (false, 0)
    }

    // get intersect point of ray with triangle plane
    r = a / b
    if r < 0.0                    // ray goes away from triangle
    {
      return (false, 0)                   // => no intersect
    }
    // for a segment, also test if (r > 1.0) => no intersect

    // intersect point of ray and plane
    ip = ro + dir*r

    // is I inside T?
    var uu: Float, uv: Float, vv: Float, wu: Float, wv: Float, D: Float
    uu = u.dot(u)
    uv = u.dot(v)
    vv = v.dot(v)
    w = ip - v0
    wu = w.dot(u)
    wv = w.dot(v)
    D = uv * uv - uu * vv

    // get and test parametric coords
    var s: Float, t: Float
    s = (uv * wv - vv * wu) / D
    if s < 0.0 || s > 1.0         // I is outside T
    {
      return (false, 0)
    }
    t = (uv * wu - uu * wv) / D
    if t < 0.0 || (s + t) > 1.0  // I is outside T
    {
      return (false, 0)
    }

    return (true, r)                       // I is in T
  }

}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

// MeshLineCollider.swift

// Gangster Driveby

// Created by Mike Farrell on 10/30/14.

import Foundation

class MeshLineCollider

{

weak var entity: Entity!

var boundingBoxCollider: MeshLineCollider?

let verts: GrowableArray

let faceIndices: GrowableArray

init(meshEntity: Entity)

{

entity = meshEntity

verts = entity.editVerts.mutableCopy() as GrowableArray

entity.applyTransformToVerts(verts, andNorms: nil)

let s: SubMesh = entity.submeshes[0] as SubMesh

faceIndices = s.editInds.mutableCopy() as GrowableArray

generateBoundingBoxCollider()

}

init(verts: GrowableArray, faces: GrowableArray)

{

self.verts = verts

faceIndices = faces

boundingBoxCollider = nil

}

convenience init(var verts: [float3], var faces: [uint3])

{

let vBuffer = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer(start: &verts, count: verts.count)

let vgArray = GrowableArray(data: vBuffer.baseAddress, ofSize: Int32(verts.count), andElementSize:Int32(sizeof(float3)), andExtraCapacity: 0)

let fBuffer = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<uint3>(start: &faces, count: faces.count)

let fArray = GrowableArray(data: fBuffer.baseAddress, ofSize: Int32(faces.count*3), andElementSize:Int32(sizeof(uint)), andExtraCapacity: 0)

self.init(verts: vgArray, faces: fArray)

}

private final func split(quad: uint4) -> (uint3, uint3)

{

return (uint3(x: quad.x, y: quad.y, z: quad.w), uint3(x: quad.w, y: quad.y, z: quad.z))

}

private func generateBoundingBoxCollider()

{

var bbSize = float3.zero

entity.getBBox(&bbSize)

let box = Box3D(dimensions: bbSize, andPosition: float3.zero)

let boxVerts = box.generateVertices()

entity.applyTransformToVerts(boxVerts, andNorms: nil)

var boxInds: [uint4] = [ ]

boxInds.append(uint4(x: 0, y: 1, z: 2, w: 3))

boxInds.append(uint4(x: 0, y: 4, z: 5, w: 1))

boxInds.append(uint4(x: 2, y: 6, z: 7, w: 3))

boxInds.append(uint4(x: 3, y: 7, z: 4, w: 0))

boxInds.append(uint4(x: 1, y: 5, z: 6, w: 2))

boxInds.append(uint4(x: 4, y: 5, z: 6, w: 7))

var triangles: [uint3] = [ ]

for quad in boxInds

{

let spl = split(quad)

triangles.append(spl.0)

triangles.append(spl.1)

}

let fBuffer = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<uint3>(start: &triangles, count: triangles.count)

let fArray = GrowableArray(data: fBuffer.baseAddress, ofSize: Int32(triangles.count*3), andElementSize:Int32(sizeof(uint)), andExtraCapacity: 0)

boundingBoxCollider = MeshLineCollider(verts: boxVerts, faces: fArray)

}

func debugRender()

{

if boundingBoxCollider != nil

{

boundingBoxCollider?.debugRender()

return

}

glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE.e)

glDepthRange(0.0, 0.9999);

let vgl = VertoGLStateMachine.currentMachine()

vgl.vertexPointerOfSize(3, type: GL_FLOAT.e, stride: 0, pointer: verts.data, bufferLength: GLsizeiptr(Int32(sizeof(float3))*verts.count))

vgl.setPrimaryColor(makeFloat4(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1))

vgl.prepareToDraw()

vgl.drawElementsInMode(GL_TRIANGLES.e, andCount: GLsizei(faceIndices.count), type: GL_UNSIGNED_INT.e, indexPointer: faceIndices.data,

bufferLength: GLsizeiptr(Int32(sizeof(uint))*faceIndices.count))

glDepthRange(0.0, 1.0);

}

//MARK: - Collision with line

func rayIntersection(rayOrigin ro: float3, rayDirection rd: float3, inout intersectionPoint: float3) -> IntersectionPoint?

{

if let bbox = boundingBoxCollider

{

if bbox.rayIntersection(rayOrigin: ro, rayDirection: rd, intersectionPoint: &intersectionPoint) == nil

{

return nil

}

let pointSet = IntersectionPointSet()

for i in 0..<faceIndices.count/3

{

let result = triangleIntersection(triangleIndex: Int(i), rayOrigin: ro, rayDirection: rd, intersectionPoint: &intersectionPoint)

if result.0

{

pointSet.add(IntersectionPoint(distance: result.1, point: intersectionPoint))

}

if !pointSet.empty()

{

return pointSet.nearest()

}

return nil

}

private func triangleIntersection(triangleIndex i: Int, rayOrigin ro: float3, rayDirection rd: float3, inout intersectionPoint ip: float3) -> (Bool, Float)

{

let smallNum: Float = 0.00000001

var u: float3, v: float3, n: float3 // triangle vectors

var dir: float3, w0: float3, w: float3 // ray vectors

var r: Float, a: Float, b: Float // params to calc ray-plane intersect

let vData = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<float3>(start: UnsafeMutablePointer<float3>(verts.data), count: Int(verts.count))

let iData = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<uint3>(start: UnsafeMutablePointer<uint3>(faceIndices.data), count: Int(faceIndices.count/3))

let v0 = vData[Int(iData[i].x)], v1 = vData[Int(iData[i].y)], v2 = vData[Int(iData[i].z)]

// get triangle edge vectors and plane normal

u = v1 - v0

v = v2 - v0

n = u.cross(v) // cross product

if n == float3.zero // triangle is degenerate

{

// do not deal with this case

return (false, 0)

}

dir = rd

w0 = ro - v0

a = -n.dot(w0)

b = n.dot(dir)

if fabsf(b) < smallNum

{

return (false, 0)

}

// get intersect point of ray with triangle plane

r = a / b

if r < 0.0 // ray goes away from triangle

{

return (false, 0) // => no intersect

}

// for a segment, also test if (r > 1.0) => no intersect

// intersect point of ray and plane

ip = ro + dir*r

// is I inside T?

var uu: Float, uv: Float, vv: Float, wu: Float, wv: Float, D: Float

uu = u.dot(u)

uv = u.dot(v)

vv = v.dot(v)

w = ip - v0

wu = w.dot(u)

wv = w.dot(v)

D = uv * uv - uu * vv

// get and test parametric coords

var s: Float, t: Float

s = (uv * wv - vv * wu) / D

if s < 0.0 || s > 1.0 // I is outside T

{

return (false, 0)

}

t = (uv * wu - uu * wv) / D

if t < 0.0 || (s + t) > 1.0 // I is outside T

{

return (false, 0)

}

return (true, r) // I is in T

}

Cool little WIP controller button enum nested in the game loop class

  enum ControllerButton: Int
  {
    case Shoot = 9
    case Aim = 8

    var name: String
    {
      let buttonNames: [ControllerButton: String] = [ .Shoot: "Shoot", .Aim: "Aim" ]

      return buttonNames[self]!
    }

    var obj: NSNumber
    {
      return NSNumber(integer: self.rawValue)
    }
  }

enum ControllerButton: Int

{

case Shoot = 9

case Aim = 8

var name: String

{

let buttonNames: [ControllerButton: String] = [ .Shoot: "Shoot", .Aim: "Aim" ]

return buttonNames[self]!

}

var obj: NSNumber

{

return NSNumber(integer: self.rawValue)

}

Some Screens

More about swift…

1 Reply

Okay so when you use a language daily, you begin to really pick up some opinions and feelings about it that tend to really stick with you. With swift, I definitely have some of those.

Let me focus on just two… of the things that really irk me about the freaking swift language.

Number one – Casting

This is my number one gripe with the swift language. The compiler just wont shut the hell up and do what I was intending. Now I know that apple has designed the language to absolutely not allow any implicit casting, and I understand their reasons behind this, but man, you’ve taken one benefit, and added 10-fold the costs. Requiring explicit casting takes code in swift that should look extremely simple and adds about 3-4 explicit constructor-casts to it causing the code to display as bloated, confusing ill-intended crap. What really bothers me is that this is the case even for upgrading types such as assigning a float into a double. Another problem is that in the C world (all of the APIs that we work with on a daily basis) there might be 4 or 5 different integer types (int, Sint32, GLuint, etc) and multiple float types (GLfloat, float, CGFloat, etc). Casting between these in C/C++/Objc is completely harmless 99% of the time and therefore done implicitly. In swift, I have to pepper this code with constructor casts every, single, freaking time.

In C++, you could allow implicit types by overloading the constructor so that an expression such as int x = someFloat would be the same as a constructor for int that takes a float as an argument. Swift badly needs this.

For now I’ve gotten to the point where I’ve added very simple computed properties to the various types in swift to at least make some of this casting more painless. Just a few of those extensions are below.

//
//  CastingHelpers.swift
//  Gangster Driveby
//
//  Created by Mike Farrell on 10/27/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Farrell. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation

//swift is driving me crazy
extension Int
{
  var f: Float
  {
    return Float(self)
  }
}

extension Int32
{
  var f: Float
  {
    return Float(self)
  }

  var e: GLenum
  {
    return GLenum(self)
  }

  /*func c<T: IntegerLiteralConvertible>() -> T
  {
    return T(integerLiteral: i)
  }*/
}

extension Sint16
{
  var f: Float
  {
    return Float(self)
  }
}

extension UInt
{
  var f: Float
  {
    return Float(self)
  }
}

extension Double
{
  var f: Float
  {
    return Float(self)
  }
}

extension Float
{
  var cg: CGFloat
  {
    return CGFloat(self)
  }
}

// CastingHelpers.swift

// Gangster Driveby

// Created by Mike Farrell on 10/27/14.

import Foundation

//swift is driving me crazy

extension Int

{

var f: Float

{

return Float(self)

}

extension Int32

{

var f: Float

{

return Float(self)

}

var e: GLenum

{

return GLenum(self)

}

/*func c<T: IntegerLiteralConvertible>() -> T

{

return T(integerLiteral: i)

}*/

}

extension Sint16

{

var f: Float

{

return Float(self)

}

extension UInt

{

var f: Float

{

return Float(self)

}

extension Double

{

var f: Float

{

return Float(self)

}

extension Float

{

var cg: CGFloat

{

return CGFloat(self)

}

This makes it so that code that would have to look like

glDisable(GLEnum(GL_DEPTH_TEST))

let f: Float = 3.0
let f2 = f*Float(sin(0.5))

glDisable(GLEnum(GL_DEPTH_TEST))

let f: Float = 3.0

let f2 = f*Float(sin(0.5))

Can be…

glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST.e)

let f = (3.0).f
let f2 = f*sin(0.5).f

glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST.e)

let f = (3.0).f

let f2 = f*sin(0.5).f

Number two – Stability (source kit crashes)

Google swift and “sourcekit” and you’ll see, this is nowhere NEAR an actual finished language. Apple has rushed this out the door and I’m honestly sorry that I’ve decided to use it to make a game. Imagine typing code and then every half hour you get 30 seconds of a frozen spinner before ”sourcekit crashed” appears in your IDE. If you’re lucky, it’ll stop for another 5 minutes, but if you aren’t it’ll happen in a loop and you have to go delete your “ModuleCache” dir and quit and restart xcode and start working again…. until about an hour later. This is NOT how I prefer to work. I like the “idea” of swift, but its just way too unstable to use. I’m going to finish this game with it, and then probably stay away from swift for any real projects for another year or so until apple fixes this extremely annoying stability problem.

These two things may seem small, but they’re enough to waste 10 minutes of time for every hour I work on this game, and for me, that’s just completely unacceptable.

Its midnight..

Leave a reply

Recently worked alot of basic walking pattern AI for the bystander game objects, a practice range which will precede the first “day” (level) in the game, and some cool shader effects using particles for the gangster car kicking up dust while driving through the desert.

Too tired to describe more.

Pictures! Please forgive the quality of the video(s).

AI Walking Video

Quick update

Leave a reply

Yesterday was a lot of work. I worked really hard to obtain a higher frame rate for the game, because I know that my postprocessing effects will be costly. Sometime certain obvious things take a few days to sink in. It’s funny how I was looking everywhere to try to improve my fill-rate and bandwidth performance when I knew the problem was a polyon issue. Drawing the entire scene twice (once for lightmap/shadow pass and again for actual rendering) was really stupid. I was doing this because certain elements in the shadow maps such as the walking men were dynamic, thus the scene needed to be redrawn into the shadowmap every time. However, the mass majority of the polygons in the scene where static. The solution of this was to pre-render this static geometry into one shadow map, and render the dynamic geometry into a separate one, and then adapt all of my shaders to take an optional second shadow texture. This wasn’t easy since much of my architecture wasn’t designed for multiple shadowmaps per light. But I got it working.

The above boosted my framerates back into a very acceptable range so I’m happy. It’s a little annoying, that for some reason on OSX Yosemite, I can no longer turn off Vsync in a windowed mode. So I’ve been having to go fullscreen during debugging to see my max framerates which are hovering now well-over 100.

As far as swift goes, I’m now on the fully released Xcode 6.1 and I’m having far less problems with the source kit crashing which is great. The IDE is generally still a lot slower than its predecessor which I hope improves with time. as I’m writing more and more code in Swift, certain features are starting to really prove useful to me as I get used to the language. Among these are the tuples, willSet/didSet, and operator overloading. On the ObjC side, I’ve had to rely on this bulky MathVector class to do my vector maths. With swift I’ve been able to add all of the math operators I need directly to my low-level C structs via an extension. This has already saved me alot of work and made the math code that I’ve written for the game alot cleaner.

Here’s an example of the vector math extension code in swift

extension float3: Printable
{
  static var zero: float3
  {
    return float3(x: 0, y: 0, z: 0)
  }

  init(_ x: Float, _ y: Float, _ z: Float)
  {
    self.x = x;
    self.y = y;
    self.z = z;
  }

  subscript(index: Int) -> Float
  {
    get
    {
      assert(index < 3 && index >= 0)
      switch(index)
      {
      case 0:
        return x
      case 1:
        return y
      case 2:
        return z
      default:
        break
      }

      return 0
    }

    set
    {
      assert(index < 3 && index >= 0)
      switch(index)
      {
      case 0:
        x = newValue
      case 1:
        y = newValue
      case 2:
        z = newValue
      default:
        break
      }
    }
  }

  var length: Float
  {
    return sqrtf(dot(self))
  }

  var lengthSquared: Float
  {
    return dot(self)
  }

  var xz: float2
  {
    return float2(x, z)
  }

  func normalized() -> float3
  {
    let len = self.length
    return float3(x/len, y/len, z/len)
  }

  func dot(rhs: float3) -> Float
  {
    return x*rhs.x + y*rhs.y + z*rhs.z
  }

  func cross(rhs: float3) -> float3
  {
    var r = float3.zero
    r.x = (y * rhs.z) - (z * rhs.y);
    r.y = (z * rhs.x) - (x * rhs.z);
    r.z = (x * rhs.y) - (y * rhs.x);

    return r
  }

  public var description: String
  {
    return "(\(x), \(y), \(z))"
  }
}

func + (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> float3
{
  return float3(lhs[0]+rhs[0], lhs[1]+rhs[1], lhs[2]+rhs[2])
}

func += (inout lhs: float3, rhs: float3)
{
  lhs = lhs + rhs
}

func - (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> float3
{
  return float3(lhs[0]-rhs[0], lhs[1]-rhs[1], lhs[2]-rhs[2])
}

func -= (inout lhs: float3, rhs: float3)
{
  lhs = lhs - rhs
}

func / (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> float3
{
  return float3(lhs[0]/rhs[0], lhs[1]/rhs[1], lhs[2]/rhs[2])
}

func /= (inout lhs: float3, rhs: float3)
{
  lhs = lhs / rhs
}

func * (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> float3
{
  return float3(lhs[0]*rhs[0], lhs[1]*rhs[1], lhs[2]*rhs[2])
}

func *= (inout lhs: float3, rhs: float3)
{
  lhs = lhs * rhs
}

func * (lhs: float3, scalar: Float) -> float3
{
  return float3(lhs[0]*scalar, lhs[1]*scalar, lhs[2]*scalar)
}

func *= (inout lhs: float3, rhs: Float)
{
  lhs = lhs * rhs
}

func == (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> Bool
{
  return (lhs[0]==rhs[0] && lhs[1]==rhs[1] && lhs[2]==rhs[2])
}

func != (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> Bool
{
  return !(lhs == rhs)
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

extension float3: Printable

{

static var zero: float3

{

return float3(x: 0, y: 0, z: 0)

}

init(_ x: Float, _ y: Float, _ z: Float)

{

self.x = x;

self.y = y;

self.z = z;

}

subscript(index: Int) -> Float

{

get

{

assert(index < 3 && index >= 0)

switch(index)

{

case 0:

return x

case 1:

return y

case 2:

return z

default:

break

}

return 0

}

set

{

assert(index < 3 && index >= 0)

switch(index)

{

case 0:

x = newValue

case 1:

y = newValue

case 2:

z = newValue

default:

break

}

var length: Float

{

return sqrtf(dot(self))

}

var lengthSquared: Float

{

return dot(self)

}

var xz: float2

{

return float2(x, z)

}

func normalized() -> float3

{

let len = self.length

return float3(x/len, y/len, z/len)

}

func dot(rhs: float3) -> Float

{

return x*rhs.x + y*rhs.y + z*rhs.z

}

func cross(rhs: float3) -> float3

{

var r = float3.zero

r.x = (y * rhs.z) - (z * rhs.y);

r.y = (z * rhs.x) - (x * rhs.z);

r.z = (x * rhs.y) - (y * rhs.x);

return r

}

public var description: String

{

return "(\(x), \(y), \(z))"

}

func + (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> float3

{

return float3(lhs[0]+rhs[0], lhs[1]+rhs[1], lhs[2]+rhs[2])

}

func += (inout lhs: float3, rhs: float3)

{

lhs = lhs + rhs

}

func - (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> float3

{

return float3(lhs[0]-rhs[0], lhs[1]-rhs[1], lhs[2]-rhs[2])

}

func -= (inout lhs: float3, rhs: float3)

{

lhs = lhs - rhs

}

func / (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> float3

{

return float3(lhs[0]/rhs[0], lhs[1]/rhs[1], lhs[2]/rhs[2])

}

func /= (inout lhs: float3, rhs: float3)

{

lhs = lhs / rhs

}

func * (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> float3

{

return float3(lhs[0]*rhs[0], lhs[1]*rhs[1], lhs[2]*rhs[2])

}

func *= (inout lhs: float3, rhs: float3)

{

lhs = lhs * rhs

}

func * (lhs: float3, scalar: Float) -> float3

{

return float3(lhs[0]*scalar, lhs[1]*scalar, lhs[2]*scalar)

}

func *= (inout lhs: float3, rhs: Float)

{

lhs = lhs * rhs

}

func == (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> Bool

{

return (lhs[0]==rhs[0] && lhs[1]==rhs[1] && lhs[2]==rhs[2])

}

func != (lhs: float3, rhs: float3) -> Bool

{

return !(lhs == rhs)

}

Leave a reply

2.5 million polygons

“well there’s your problem…”

Game Development in Swift

Leave a reply

First Impressions

So let me start off by saying, Swift is FAR from finished. I know Apple is calling it “released”, but that’s a load of garbage. My two main annoyances with swift from the previous post reign true, alongside a new victor: the infamous can-go-to-hell sourcekit crash. This problem occurs so frequently on the latest Xcode to GM candidate, that I came very very near abandoning Swift as the language for this game entirely yesterday. If it wasn’t for a post that I found on the Apple developer forums related to deleting the “ModuleCache” dir within XCode’s DerivedData, I would have probably had to abandon swift which is really sad considering how much effort apple has put into it already. Let me just say that a craftsman is only as good as his tools, and when it comes to XCode 6 alongside Swift, at this point I’d be very very cautious using it for anything that you absolutely must count on to be finished in a reasonable timeline. This goes without saying that apple seriously needs to re-evaluate what they consider to be a GM release.

Either way… Because my project is an experiment and has no real pressure of any release deadline (apart from the fictional one I’ve set for myself), I will continue using Swift as the language. After using it to put together the stuff that I’m going to show today, I must say that I definitely like coding in Swift compared to Objective-C for class design. It’s a much less uglier language for the most part. Some things still tick me off such as continuos need for explicit casting. But overall, I can see its appeal as a language choice over Objective-C. I say over ObjC because if you are stuck using Objective-C, you’re already stuck with an OSX/iOS-only application. So you might as well make things easier on yourself and use Swift instead where possible (once it matures).

Lastly, I’m not setting out to use every single feature swift has to offer. I likely won’t touch a lot of them. The whole point here is to get the game done and to use the language as exercise to see what it offers to me to put together A 3D game in the OOP-style that I’m used to using. My background is in C++, so I’ll likely find certain features more useful such as nested type capabilities.

The Game Architecture

So writing about programming is always more complicated than writing about 3D modeling or artwork. At the beginning of this project, I stated that I would care more about the game than the programming itself. That has already proven difficult for me, since my years of experience programming always leads me to architect a good solution for the task at hand. One of the things I can’t stand in a game (or program in general) is over-architecture. So what I present below hopefully won’t change that much moving forward. Which leads me to say that I really want to focus on the game now. Now that I’m in the main stretch of developing this thing, I need to put all efforts on the game development itself. This means I might be ramping down temporarily the number of posts on this blog until the game begins nearing completion. I hope to be at that phase within the next two weeks.

Graphics Engine

As I’ve mentioned in the past, the game will take the form of a series of swift classes that are going to be built on top of my existing Objective-C codebase. This is the same codebase that powers my Verto Studio 3D modeling tool that I’ve used to put assemble the 3D assets. Because Swift is designed to interoperate with ObjC pretty easily, this shouldn’t be a problem. A closely-related C++11 mirror of the lowest layer of this system is available open-sourced at https://github.com/mlfarrell/VGLPP.

I loosely refer to all of this code as a “graphics engine”. It contains routines for working with OpenGL 3.2 to draw 3D graphics primitives (VGL layer), and load/render 3D scenes and models (VOM / Object-Model) layer. In the Objective-C code, these layers blur a bit but you get the idea. The important classes that I interact with in the game (in the swift code) are as follows. Because this system is quite large, this list is not exhaustive.

Objective-C Classes (Graphics Engine)

VGL Layer

VertoGLUserShaderEffect (subclassable to provide shader effects)
VertoGLStateMachine (GL 1.1-like state and state delegation)
VertoGLSystem (delegation and control for the behavior of the entire VGL system)
VecTypes (C structs for low-level OpenGL-needed things like float3, float4, float16, etc).
MatTypes (C structs for low-level OpenGL-needed math things like mat3, mat4, etc).

VOM Layer

SceneManager (3D Scene)
Entity (3D Model type)
EntityMaterial (Material properties)
Texture2D (Texture map)
RenderPassManager (Multipass rendering manager)

The Game Classes

After one day, here’s the basic architecture I have for the game. The idea here follows the same concept I’ve used for many years now: a game loop class with three methods that manage input (processEvents), processing(processLogic/update) and output (rendering). At any given time, the game loop will be in one of many game states. These states dictate how the game loop behaves. Currently the planned game states are Splash (loading up), Menu (the title menu), Driveby (the actual gameplay), and Game over. The game states are managed and executed from the game loop using a new GameStateRunner protocol type. The game state holds on to a single object conforming to the GameStateRunner protocol and forwards the processEvents, processLogic and render methods to it accordingly. This allows me to nicely separate and organize my code into special GameStateRunner conforming classes. The interesting thing here is that swift actually allows me to embed some logic into the game state enum itself which I’ve already found useful to allow it to load and construct the GameStateRunner objects for me. Confused yet? Awesome!

Objective-C Classes (Driveby Gangster Game)

GameLoop (base class that interacts with SDL C-API and sets up OpenGL, this stuff is just simpler to do in C (which Objective-C is fully backwards compatible with compared to swift)
SkeletalAnimationShaderEffect : VertoGLUserShaderEffect

Swift Classes (Driveby Gangster Game)

Subclassing or Protocol conformance denoted with colon notation

GangsterGameLoop : GameLoop
DrivebyGameStateRunner : GameStateRunner
TitleMenuStateRunner : GameStateRunner
SplashStateRunner : GameStateRunner
GameOverStateRunner : GameStateRunner
GameObject (base class game object for all visual objects in the game)
GameObjectSkeletalAnimated : GameObject (any game object that has a skeletal animation)
GameObjectPlayer : GameObjectSkeletalAnimated (the game player / protagonist)
GameObjectEnemy : GameObjectSkeletalAnimated (enemies in the game)
GameObjectBystander : GameObjectSkeletalAnimated (bystanders in the game)
GangsterSceneManager : SceneManager (game-oriented scene manager subclass)

Now the good news is, above should be just about it. All of the shadow stuff, shaders, texturing, rendering of the game scene is all saved in the Verto Studio file and should load and render just like I had it in the editor when I load it into the game via SceneManager’s load methods. The skeletal animation support (apart from the special shader effect subclass) is also all entirely provided by my graphics engine so I shouldn’t have to tinker too much with that stuff besides optimization.

Now this post has already gotten crazy long and it would be too much to include the source code of all of the above classes in this post. So instead I’m going to provide snippets of some of the base classes so you can understand how the system will work.

The Game Loop subclass in Swift

//
//  Simple3DGameLoop.swift
//  Quick 3D Game
//
//  Created by Mike Farrell on 8/30/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Farrell. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation

public class GangsterGameLoop: GameLoop
{
  enum GameState
  {
    case Splash
    case Menu
    case Driveby
    case GameOver

    func load(#gameLoop: GangsterGameLoop) -> GameStateRunner!
    {
      switch self
      {
      case .Driveby:
        var state: GameStateRunner! = nil
        autoreleasepool
        {
          state = DrivebyGameStateRunner(gameLoop: gameLoop)
        }

        //reset shared scene manager to the main scene
        if let drivebyState = state as? DrivebyGameStateRunner
        {
          drivebyState.scene.becomeSharedSceneManager()
        }

        return state

      default:
        return nil
      }
    }
  }

  private var lastTime: CFAbsoluteTime = 0

  private var fps = 0, actualFps = 0
  private var fpsTimer: NSTimer? = nil
  private var gameStateRunner: GameStateRunner? = nil
  private var gameState: GameState = .Splash

  private var vsyncOn = true

  //MARK: - Construction and setup -

  override init()
  {
    super.init()
  }

  deinit
  {
    fpsTimer?.invalidate()
  }

  func load()
  {
    lastTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
    fpsTimer = NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(1.0, target: self, selector: "fpsTimer:", userInfo: nil, repeats: true)

    gameState = .Driveby
    gameStateRunner = gameState.load(gameLoop: self)
  }

  public override func initOpenGL()
  {
    super.initOpenGL()

    glEnable(GLenum(GL_DEPTH_TEST))
    glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1)

    load()
  }

  public override func shutdown()
  {
    //force-dealloc these things synchronously before the GL context goes down
    gameStateRunner = nil

    super.shutdown()
  }

  //MARK: - Game loop

  public override func processLogic()
  {
    let delta = (CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()-lastTime)*60.0
    lastTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()

    gameStateRunner?.processLogic(delta: Float(delta))
  }

  public override func keyDown(keysym: SDL_Keycode)
  {
    switch Int(keysym)
    {
    case SDLK_v:
      toggleVsync()
    default:
      break
    }
  }

  public override func processEvents()
  {
    super.processEvents()
    gameStateRunner?.processEvents()
  }

  public override func render()
  {
    glClear(GLbitfield(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT))

    gameStateRunner?.render()
    fps++    
  }

  //MARK: - Misc
  func fpsTimer(timer: NSTimer)
  {
    actualFps = fps
    println("FPS: \(actualFps)")
    fps = 0
  }

  func toggleVsync()
  {
    vsyncOn = !vsyncOn
    SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval(vsyncOn ? 1 : 0)
    println("Vsync is \(vsyncOn)")
  }
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

// Simple3DGameLoop.swift

// Quick 3D Game

// Created by Mike Farrell on 8/30/14.

import Foundation

public class GangsterGameLoop: GameLoop

{

enum GameState

{

case Splash

case Menu

case Driveby

case GameOver

func load(#gameLoop: GangsterGameLoop) -> GameStateRunner!

{

switch self

{

case .Driveby:

var state: GameStateRunner! = nil

autoreleasepool

{

state = DrivebyGameStateRunner(gameLoop: gameLoop)

}

//reset shared scene manager to the main scene

if let drivebyState = state as? DrivebyGameStateRunner

{

drivebyState.scene.becomeSharedSceneManager()

}

return state

default:

return nil

}

private var lastTime: CFAbsoluteTime = 0

private var fps = 0, actualFps = 0

private var fpsTimer: NSTimer? = nil

private var gameStateRunner: GameStateRunner? = nil

private var gameState: GameState = .Splash

private var vsyncOn = true

//MARK: - Construction and setup -

override init()

{

super.init()

}

deinit

{

fpsTimer?.invalidate()

}

func load()

{

lastTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()

fpsTimer = NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(1.0, target: self, selector: "fpsTimer:", userInfo: nil, repeats: true)

gameState = .Driveby

gameStateRunner = gameState.load(gameLoop: self)

}

public override func initOpenGL()

{

super.initOpenGL()

glEnable(GLenum(GL_DEPTH_TEST))

glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1)

load()

}

public override func shutdown()

{

//force-dealloc these things synchronously before the GL context goes down

gameStateRunner = nil

super.shutdown()

}

//MARK: - Game loop

public override func processLogic()

{

let delta = (CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()-lastTime)*60.0

lastTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()

gameStateRunner?.processLogic(delta: Float(delta))

}

public override func keyDown(keysym: SDL_Keycode)

{

switch Int(keysym)

{

case SDLK_v:

toggleVsync()

default:

break

}

public override func processEvents()

{

super.processEvents()

gameStateRunner?.processEvents()

}

public override func render()

{

glClear(GLbitfield(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT))

gameStateRunner?.render()

fps++

}

//MARK: - Misc

func fpsTimer(timer: NSTimer)

{

actualFps = fps

println("FPS: \(actualFps)")

fps = 0

}

func toggleVsync()

{

vsyncOn = !vsyncOn

SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval(vsyncOn ? 1 : 0)

println("Vsync is \(vsyncOn)")

}

Using the ability to embed a “load” method directly in the game state enum is probably the most “swift-esque” thing I’ve done sofar. Moving onto the GameStateRunner protocol and sample implementation.

//
//  GameState.swift
//  Gangster Driveby
//
//  Created by Mike Farrell on 10/15/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Farrell. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation

protocol GameStateRunner
{
  func processLogic(#delta: Float)
  func processEvents()
  func render()
}

// GameState.swift

// Gangster Driveby

// Created by Mike Farrell on 10/15/14.

import Foundation

protocol GameStateRunner

{

func processLogic(#delta: Float)

func processEvents()

func render()

}

//
//  DrivebyGameState.swift
//  Gangster Driveby
//
//  Created by Mike Farrell on 10/15/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Farrell. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation

class DrivebyGameStateRunner : GameStateRunner
{
  private unowned let gameLoop: GangsterGameLoop
  private var t: Float = 0

  var scene: GangsterSceneManager! = nil
  var gameObjects: [GameObject] = []
  var player: GameObject!

  init(gameLoop gl: GangsterGameLoop)
  {
    gameLoop = gl

    NSKeyedUnarchiver.setClass(GangsterSceneManager.self, forClassName: "SceneManager")

    let path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("street scene", ofType: "vssproj")
    scene = GangsterSceneManager(contentsOfFile: path)
    scene.activeCamera.distance = 20.0
    scene.occlusionCulling = true
    scene.skeletalEffect = SkeletalAnimationShaderEffect()
    scene.optimize()

    //load game objects
    loadModels()

    println("entities: \(scene.entities.count)")

    player.model.pos = float3(x: 20, y: 3, z: 10)

    //shadow map resolution
    //scene.sceneShadowMappingPass()?.setDimensionsWidth(8192, andHeight: 8192, andTextureFormat: GLenum(GL_FLOAT))
  }

  private func loadModels()
  {
    let scale: Float = 0.1

    //load models
    let gangsterPath = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("gangster", ofType: "vssproj")
    let gangsterScene = SceneManager(contentsOfFile: gangsterPath)

    var result = gameLoop.loadAnimatedModel("walk.dae", intoScene: scene)
    var modelInfo = AnimatedModelInfo(animatedModelEntity: result["entity"] as Entity, aiScene: result["aiScene"] as AssimpSceneWrapper,
                                      globalInverseTransform: gameLoop.globalInverseTransform())
    var obj: GameObjectSkeletalAnimated = GameObjectEnemy(model: gangsterScene.entities.firstObject as Entity, animatedModelInfo: modelInfo)
    obj.model.scale = float3(x: scale, y: scale, z: scale)

    gameObjects.append(obj)
    obj.addToScene(scene)

    //for now
    player = obj

    let bystanderPath = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("bystander", ofType: "vssproj")
    let bystanderScene = SceneManager(contentsOfFile: bystanderPath)
    obj = GameObjectBystander(model: bystanderScene.entities.firstObject as Entity, animatedModelInfo: modelInfo)
    obj.model.pos = float3(x: -20, y: 3, z: 20)
    obj.model.scale = float3(x: scale, y: scale, z: scale)

    gameObjects.append(obj)
    obj.addToScene(scene)
  }

  private func isKeyDown(code: SDL_Scancode, _ key: UnsafePointer<Uint8>) -> Bool
  {
    return key[Int(code.value)] != 0
  }

  func processEvents()
  {
    let key = gameLoop.keyState
    let activeCamera: CameraView = scene.activeCamera

    if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_EQUALS, key)
    {
      activeCamera.distance -= 1
    }
    if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_MINUS, key)
    {
      activeCamera.distance += 1
    }
    if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT, key)
    {
      player.model.translate(float3(x: 0, y: 0, z: 1))
    }
    if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT, key)
    {
      player.model.translate(float3(x: 0, y: 0, z: -1))
    }
    if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_UP, key)
    {
      player.model.translate(float3(x: -1, y: 0, z: 0))
    }
    if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_DOWN, key)
    {
      player.model.translate(float3(x: 1, y: 0, z: 0))
    }
  }

  func processLogic(#delta: Float)
  {
    t += 0.1*delta

    let activeCamera: CameraView = scene.activeCamera
    activeCamera.viewMode = CAM_FREE
    activeCamera.theta = sinf(t*0.05)*30

    var bbox = float3.zero
    player.model.getBBox(&bbox)
    var pos = player.model.pos
    pos.y += 0.1*bbox.y/2
    activeCamera.setSphericalPos(pos)

    for obj in gameObjects
    {
      obj.update(delta: delta)
    }
  }

  func render()
  {
    scene.render()
  }
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

// DrivebyGameState.swift

// Gangster Driveby

// Created by Mike Farrell on 10/15/14.

import Foundation

class DrivebyGameStateRunner : GameStateRunner

{

private unowned let gameLoop: GangsterGameLoop

private var t: Float = 0

var scene: GangsterSceneManager! = nil

var gameObjects: [GameObject] = []

var player: GameObject!

init(gameLoop gl: GangsterGameLoop)

{

gameLoop = gl

NSKeyedUnarchiver.setClass(GangsterSceneManager.self, forClassName: "SceneManager")

let path = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("street scene", ofType: "vssproj")

scene = GangsterSceneManager(contentsOfFile: path)

scene.activeCamera.distance = 20.0

scene.occlusionCulling = true

scene.skeletalEffect = SkeletalAnimationShaderEffect()

scene.optimize()

//load game objects

loadModels()

println("entities: \(scene.entities.count)")

player.model.pos = float3(x: 20, y: 3, z: 10)

//shadow map resolution

//scene.sceneShadowMappingPass()?.setDimensionsWidth(8192, andHeight: 8192, andTextureFormat: GLenum(GL_FLOAT))

}

private func loadModels()

{

let scale: Float = 0.1

//load models

let gangsterPath = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("gangster", ofType: "vssproj")

let gangsterScene = SceneManager(contentsOfFile: gangsterPath)

var result = gameLoop.loadAnimatedModel("walk.dae", intoScene: scene)

var modelInfo = AnimatedModelInfo(animatedModelEntity: result["entity"] as Entity, aiScene: result["aiScene"] as AssimpSceneWrapper,

globalInverseTransform: gameLoop.globalInverseTransform())

var obj: GameObjectSkeletalAnimated = GameObjectEnemy(model: gangsterScene.entities.firstObject as Entity, animatedModelInfo: modelInfo)

obj.model.scale = float3(x: scale, y: scale, z: scale)

gameObjects.append(obj)

obj.addToScene(scene)

//for now

player = obj

let bystanderPath = NSBundle.mainBundle().pathForResource("bystander", ofType: "vssproj")

let bystanderScene = SceneManager(contentsOfFile: bystanderPath)

obj = GameObjectBystander(model: bystanderScene.entities.firstObject as Entity, animatedModelInfo: modelInfo)

obj.model.pos = float3(x: -20, y: 3, z: 20)

obj.model.scale = float3(x: scale, y: scale, z: scale)

gameObjects.append(obj)

obj.addToScene(scene)

}

private func isKeyDown(code: SDL_Scancode, _ key: UnsafePointer<Uint8>) -> Bool

{

return key[Int(code.value)] != 0

}

func processEvents()

{

let key = gameLoop.keyState

let activeCamera: CameraView = scene.activeCamera

if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_EQUALS, key)

{

activeCamera.distance -= 1

}

if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_MINUS, key)

{

activeCamera.distance += 1

}

if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT, key)

{

player.model.translate(float3(x: 0, y: 0, z: 1))

}

if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT, key)

{

player.model.translate(float3(x: 0, y: 0, z: -1))

}

if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_UP, key)

{

player.model.translate(float3(x: -1, y: 0, z: 0))

}

if isKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_DOWN, key)

{

player.model.translate(float3(x: 1, y: 0, z: 0))

}

func processLogic(#delta: Float)

{

t += 0.1*delta

let activeCamera: CameraView = scene.activeCamera

activeCamera.viewMode = CAM_FREE

activeCamera.theta = sinf(t*0.05)*30

var bbox = float3.zero

player.model.getBBox(&bbox)

var pos = player.model.pos

pos.y += 0.1*bbox.y/2

activeCamera.setSphericalPos(pos)

for obj in gameObjects

{

obj.update(delta: delta)

}

func render()

{

scene.render()

}

Lastly, a sample lineage of the early GameObject class implementation.

//
//  GameObject.swift
//  Gangster Driveby
//
//  Created by Mike Farrell on 10/14/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Farrell. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation

class GameObject
{
  ///Graphical 3D model used to render the game object
  let model: Entity

  ///Per-object time in seconds since spawn
  var time: Float = 0

  ///Scene that the model is currently rendered in
  weak var scene: GangsterSceneManager? = nil

  init(model m: Entity)
  {
    model = m
  }

  deinit
  {
    if(scene != nil)
    {
      removeFromScene(scene!)
    }
  }

  ///Process logic updates for the game object
  func update(#delta: Float)
  {
    time += delta/60.0
  }

  func addToScene(scene: GangsterSceneManager)
  {
    self.scene = scene
    scene.entities.addObject(model)
  }

  func removeFromScene(scene: GangsterSceneManager)
  {
    scene.entities.removeObject(model)
  }
}

// GameObject.swift

// Gangster Driveby

// Created by Mike Farrell on 10/14/14.

import Foundation

class GameObject

{

///Graphical 3D model used to render the game object

let model: Entity

///Per-object time in seconds since spawn

var time: Float = 0

///Scene that the model is currently rendered in

weak var scene: GangsterSceneManager? = nil

init(model m: Entity)

{

model = m

}

deinit

{

if(scene != nil)

{

removeFromScene(scene!)

}

///Process logic updates for the game object

func update(#delta: Float)

{

time += delta/60.0

}

func addToScene(scene: GangsterSceneManager)

{

self.scene = scene

scene.entities.addObject(model)

}

func removeFromScene(scene: GangsterSceneManager)

{

scene.entities.removeObject(model)

}

//
//  GameObjectBystander.swift
//  Gangster Driveby
//
//  Created by Mike Farrell on 10/15/14.
//  Copyright (c) 2014 Mike Farrell. All rights reserved.
//

import Foundation

class GameObjectBystander : GameObjectSkeletalAnimated
{
  override init(modelReference m: Entity, aiScene ais: AssimpSceneWrapper)
  {
    super.init(modelReference: m, aiScene: ais)
    setupMaterial()
  }

  override init(model m: Entity, animatedModelInfo: AnimatedModelInfo)
  {
    super.init(model: m, animatedModelInfo: animatedModelInfo)
    setupMaterial()
  }

  func setupMaterial()
  {
    //use random materials for the suit for bystanders    
    let suitMaterial = model.submeshes[1].mat
    suitMaterial?.diff = ColorMaker.float4FromHue(CGFloat(drand48()), saturation: 0.2, brightness: 0.8)

    let shinyColor = Float(drand48())
    suitMaterial?.spec = makeFloat4(shinyColor, shinyColor, shinyColor, 1)
  }

  override func update(#delta: Float)
  {
    super.update(delta: delta)
  }
}

// GameObjectBystander.swift

// Gangster Driveby

// Created by Mike Farrell on 10/15/14.

import Foundation

class GameObjectBystander : GameObjectSkeletalAnimated

{

override init(modelReference m: Entity, aiScene ais: AssimpSceneWrapper)

{

super.init(modelReference: m, aiScene: ais)

setupMaterial()

}

override init(model m: Entity, animatedModelInfo: AnimatedModelInfo)

{

super.init(model: m, animatedModelInfo: animatedModelInfo)

setupMaterial()

}

func setupMaterial()

{

//use random materials for the suit for bystanders

let suitMaterial = model.submeshes[1].mat

suitMaterial?.diff = ColorMaker.float4FromHue(CGFloat(drand48()), saturation: 0.2, brightness: 0.8)

let shinyColor = Float(drand48())

suitMaterial?.spec = makeFloat4(shinyColor, shinyColor, shinyColor, 1)

}

override func update(#delta: Float)

{

super.update(delta: delta)

}

That was alot. The end.

Parse Error

Michael L. Farrell's Game Dev Blog

Category Archives: Game Development

The swift code is ported!

Free the code

Screens!!

Swift is fired

Basic Outline of Porting to C++

Lots of code… lots

Some Code

Some Screens

More about swift…

Number one – Casting

Number two – Stability (source kit crashes)

Its midnight..

Quick update

Game Development in Swift

First Impressions

The Game Architecture

Graphics Engine

Objective-C Classes (Graphics Engine)

The Game Classes

Objective-C Classes (Driveby Gangster Game)

Swift Classes (Driveby Gangster Game)